DNA Vaccination of Rainbow Trout against Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus: A Dose–Response and Time–Course Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Lorenzen ◽  
Katja Einer-Jensen ◽  
Torben Martinussen ◽  
Scott E. LaPatra ◽  
Niels Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dna Vaccination ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Time Course Study

scholarly journals Differences in Virulence of Marine and Freshwater Isolates of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus In Vivo Correlate with In Vitro Ability To Infect Gill Epithelial Cells and Macrophages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (21) ◽  
pp. 10359-10365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn E. Brudeseth ◽  
Helle F. Skall ◽  
Øystein Evensen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia

ABSTRACT Two strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) with known different virulence characteristics in vivo were studied (by a time course approach) for their abilities to infect and translocate across a primary culture of gill epithelial cells (GEC) of rainbow trout (RBT; Oncorhynchus mykiss). The strains included one low-virulence marine VHSV (ma-VHSV) strain, ma-1p8, and a highly pathogenic freshwater VHSV (fw-VHSV) strain, fw-DK-3592B. Infectivities toward trout head kidney macrophages were also studied (by a time course method), and differences in in vivo virulence were reconfirmed, the aim being to determine any correlation between in vivo virulence and in vitro infectivity. The in vitro studies showed that the fw-VHSV isolate infected and caused a cytotoxic effect in monolayers of GEC (demonstrating virulence) at an early time point (2 h postinoculation) and that the same virus strain had translocated over a confluent, polarized GEC layer by 2 h postinoculation. The marine isolate did not infect monolayers of GEC, and delayed translocation across polarized GEC was seen by 48 h postinoculation. Primary cultures of head kidney macrophages were also infected with fw-VHSV, with a maximum of 9.5% virus-positive cells by 3 days postinfection, while for the ma-VHSV strain, only 0.5% of the macrophages were positive after 3 days of culture. In vivo studies showed that the fw-VHSV strain was highly virulent for RBT fry and caused high mortality, with classical features of viral hemorrhagic septicemia. The ma-VHSV showed a very low level of virulence (only one pool of samples from the dead fish was VHSV positive). This study has shown that the differences in virulence between marine and freshwater strains of VHSV following the in vivo infection of RBT correlate with in vitro abilities to infect primary cultures of GEC and head kidney macrophages of the same species.

scholarly journals The Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Markers of Virulence in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laury Baillon ◽  
Emilie Mérour ◽  
Joëlle Cabon ◽  
Lénaïg Louboutin ◽  
Estelle Vigouroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

scholarly journals Survey of Transcript Expression in Rainbow Trout Leukocytes Reveals a Major Contribution of Interferon-Responsive Genes in the Early Response to a Rhabdovirus Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 8040-8049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline O'Farrell ◽  
Nikta Vaghefi ◽  
Monique Cantonnet ◽  
Bénédicte Buteau ◽  
Pierre Boudinot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Induced Genes

ABSTRACT Virus infections induce changes in the expression of host cell genes. A global knowledge of these modifications should help to better understand the virus/host cell interactions. To obtain a more comprehensive view of the rainbow trout response to a viral infection, we used the subtractive suppressive hybridization methodology in the viral hemorrhagic septicemia model of infection. We infected rainbow trout leukocytes with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and total RNA from infected and mock-infected cells was compared at 40 h postinfection. Twenty-four virus-induced genes were ultimately retrieved from the subtracted cDNA library, and their differential expression was further confirmed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis. Among these sequences, three were already described as VHSV-induced genes. Eight sequences with known homologs were extended to full-length cDNA using 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and they were subsequently divided into three functional subsets. Four genes were homologous to mammalian interferon responsive genes, three were similar to chemo-attractant molecules (CXC chemokine, galectin), and two had nucleic acid binding domains. All of the virus-induced genes were also induced by rainbow trout interferon, indicating that the interferon pathway is the predominant component of the anti-VHSV response. They were also expressed in vivo in experimentally infected fish, indicating their biological relevance in natural infection.

scholarly journals Fish Rhabdovirus Cell Entry Is Mediated by Fibronectin

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 7703-7709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Bearzotti ◽  
Bernard Delmas ◽  
Annie Lamoureux ◽  
Anne-Marie Loustau ◽  
Stefan Chilmonczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Cell Plasma Membrane ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Blocking Activity ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Heterodimeric Complex

ABSTRACT Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated against rainbow trout gonad cells (RTG-2) have been selected for their ability to protect cells from the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection, a salmonid rhabdovirus. Protection from infection was restricted to the salmonid-derived cell lines indicating species specificity of the blocking MAbs. Surprisingly, the blocking activity of these MAbs was also effective against other nonantigenically related fish rhabdoviruses. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy observations demonstrated that the three MAbs were all directed against an abundant cell plasma membrane component, and immunoprecipitation studies indicated that the target consisted of a heterodimeric complex with molecular masses of 200 and 44 kDa. Biochemical data provided the following evidence that fibronectin is part of this complex and that it could represent the main receptor for fish rhabdoviruses. (i) An antiserum generated against the 200-kDa protein reacted against the recombinant rainbow trout fibronectin expressed in Escherichia coli. (ii) The purified rainbow trout fibronectin was able to bind specifically to VHSV. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a cellular component acting as a primary receptor for a virus replicating in lower vertebrates and, more interestingly, for viruses belonging to theRhabdoviridae family.

scholarly journals Rainbow Trout Red Blood Cells Exposed to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Up-Regulate Antigen-Processing Mechanisms and MHC I&II, CD86, and CD83 Antigen-presenting Cell Markers

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Nombela ◽  
Ricardo Requena-Platek ◽  
Byron Morales-Lange ◽  
Veronica Chico ◽  
Sara Puente-Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Nucleated teleost red blood cells (RBCs) are known to express molecules from the major histocompatibility complex and peptide-generating processes such as autophagy and proteasomes, but the role of RBCs in antigen presentation of viruses have not been studied yet. In this study, RBCs exposed ex vivo to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) were evaluated by means of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Genes and proteins related to antigen presentation molecules, proteasome degradation, and autophagy were up-regulated. VHSV induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in ex vivo VHSV-exposed RBCs and showed at the same time a decrease of proteasome activity. Furthermore, induction of autophagy was detected by evaluating LC3 protein levels. Sequestosome-1/p62 underwent degradation early after VHSV exposure, and it may be a link between ubiquitination and autophagy activation. Inhibition of autophagosome degradation with niclosamide resulted in intracellular detection of N protein of VHSV (NVHSV) and p62 accumulation. In addition, antigen presentation cell markers, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I & II, CD83, and CD86, increased at the transcriptional and translational level in rainbow trout RBCs exposed to VHSV. In summary, we show that nucleated rainbow trout RBCs can degrade VHSV while displaying an antigen-presenting cell (APC)-like profile.

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